功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions
清热解毒，消肿止痛。主治
Clearing heat, detoxifying, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. Mainly used for治疗.
肺炎，肠痈，牙痛。用法用量
Pneumonia, enteritis, toothache. Dosage and administration.
内服：煎汤，9-15g。化学成分
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g. Chemical composition.
葫芦种子含蛋白求恩质，油48.6%，糖5.2%。蛋白质的组成有十八种氨基酸包括所有必需氨基酸，棕榈酸，棕榈油酸，硬脂酸，油酸及亚油酸为主要脂肪酸；糖主要有鼠李糖，果糖，半乳糖，蔗糖，棉子糖及水苏糖。还含胰蛋白酷抑制剂LLTI-I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。相关论述
Hulu seeds contain protein, with an oil content of 48.6% and sugar content of 5.2%. The protein is composed of eighteen amino acids, including all essential amino acids. The main fatty acids are palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The sugars mainly include rhamnose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, and gentianose. They also contain pancreatic protease inhibitors LLTI-I, II, and III.
《御药院方》：“治齿龈或肿或露，齿摇疼痛：壶卢子八两，牛膝四两。每服五钱，煎水含漱，日三、四次。”加工炮制 采收加工
"Imperial Pharmacy Formulas": "For treating swollen or receding gums, loose teeth, and toothache: use eight taels of Hu Lu Zi and four taels of Niu Xi. Take five qian (a traditional Chinese unit of weight) each time, decoct in water for rinsing the mouth, three to four times a day." Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.
秋后采取成熟果实，剖取种子，晒干。植物学信息 植物种属
After autumn, harvest the mature fruits, extract the seeds, and sun-dry them. Botanical information on plant species.
葫芦科葫芦属植物葫芦和瓠瓜。形态特征
The gourd family includes plants such as bottle gourd and calabash. They share similar morphological characteristics.
一年生攀援草本；茎、枝具沟纹，被粘质长柔毛，老后渐脱落，变近无毛。叶柄纤细，长16-20cm，有和茎枝一样的毛被，顶端有2腺体；叶片卵状心形或肾状卵形，长、宽均10-35cm，不分裂或3-5裂，具5-7掌状脉，先端锐尖，边缘有不规则的齿，基部心形，弯缺开张，半圆形或近圆形，深1-3cm，宽2-6cm，两面均被微柔毛，叶背及脉上较密。卷须纤细，初时有微柔毛，后渐脱落，变光滑无毛，上部分2歧。雌雄同株，雌、雄花均单生。雄花：花梗细，比叶柄稍长，花梗、花萼、花冠均被微柔毛；花萼筒漏斗状，长约2cm，裂片披针形，长5mm；花冠黄色，裂片皱波状，长3-4cm，宽2-3cm，先端微缺而顶端有小尖头，5脉；雄蕊3，花丝长3-4mm，花药长8-10mm，长圆形，药室折曲。雌花花梗比叶柄稍短或近等长；花萼和花冠似雄花；花萼筒长2-3mm；子房中间缢细，密生粘质长柔毛，花柱粗短，柱头3，膨大，2裂。果实初为绿色，后变白色至带黄色，由于长期栽培，果形变异很大，因不同品种或变种而异，有的呈亚铃状，中间缢细，下部和上部膨大，上部大于下部，长数十cm，有的仅长10cm（小葫芦），有的呈扁球形、棒状或构状，成熟后果皮变木质。种子白色，倒卵形或三角形，顶端截形或2齿裂，稀圆，长约20mm。花期夏季，果期秋季。分布区域
A climbing annual herbaceous plant; stems and branches with grooves, covered with sticky long soft hairs, which gradually fall off as the plant ages, becoming nearly hairless. Leaf stalk slender, 16-20cm long, with the same hair covering as stems and branches, with 2 glands at the tip; leaf blade ovate to cordate or reniform-ovate, 10-35cm long and wide, undivided or 3-5 lobed, with 5-7 palmate veins, acute at the apex, irregularly toothed margins, heart-shaped base, open or semi-circular, 1-3cm deep, 2-6cm wide, both sides covered with fine soft hairs, denser on the back of the leaf and veins. Tendrils slender, initially with fine soft hairs, later becoming smooth and hairless, upper part bifurcated. Monoecious, with solitary male and female flowers. Male flowers: slender pedicels slightly longer than leaf stalk, covered with fine soft hairs; calyx funnel-shaped, about 2cm long, lanceolate lobes, 5mm long; corolla yellow, wrinkled, 3-4cm long, 2-3cm wide, slightly notched at the apex with a small tip, 5 veins; 3 stamens, filaments 3-4mm long, anthers 8-10mm long, oblong, anther locules twisted. Female flowers with pedicels slightly shorter or nearly equal to leaf stalk; calyx and corolla similar to male flowers; calyx tube 2-3mm long; ovary slender in the middle, densely covered with sticky long soft hairs, style short and thick, with 3 enlarged, 2-lobed stigmas. Fruits initially green, later turning white to yellowish, highly variable in shape due to long-term cultivation, varying among different varieties or cultivars, some resembling gourds, slender in the middle, enlarged at the top and bottom, with the upper part larger than the lower part, several tens of centimeters long, some only 10cm long (small gourds), some flattened, cylindrical, or conical, with the fruit skin becoming woody when mature. Seeds white, ovoid or triangular, truncate or 2-toothed at the apex, sometimes round, about 20mm long. Flowering in summer, fruiting in autumn. Distribution area.
中国各地栽培。亦广泛栽培于世界热带到温带地区。生长环境
Cultivated throughout China, it is also widely grown in tropical to temperate regions around the world. Growing environment.
排水良好、土质肥沃的平川及低洼地和有灌溉条件的岗地。忌西瓜等瓜类重迎茬。
Flat plains and low-lying areas with good drainage and fertile soil, as well as terraced land with irrigation conditions. Avoid planting watermelon and other melons successively.